Web Survey Bibliography
Response latencies answering to attitude questions can be used as a measure of chronic attitude accessibility. But depending on the theoretical interest, several determinants of response latencies have to be treated as bias effects and should be statistically controlled to adequately interpret response latencies. Main bias factors are the individual baseline speed of respondents reflecting a constant individual characteristic of mental speed of information processing, effects of the measurement instrument and situational effects. In this study using response latency data of a nation-wide German survey (CATI), four statistical transformation methods to control the individual baseline speed are empirically evaluated and compared: Z-Score, Difference Score, Ratio Index, and Rate-Amount Index. The empirical findings support the assumption of an increased data quality transforming "raw" reaction times into indices controlling the baseline speed. Additionally, the data quality increases if additional systematic bias effects are controlled (here: question order, effect of extremity). 1 INTRODUCTION In attitude theory, response latencies answering to attitude questions are regarded as an indicator of attitude strength. Defining an attitude as the association between an object and its evaluation (Fazio 1986, 1989, 1990b), the strength of an attitude is the strength of this association. Response latencies are often used to measure the chronic accessibility of attitudes. This accessibility points directly to the mental process during the activation of an attitude and is regarded as a measure of the associative strength. Therefore, an attitude is assumed to be stronger if it is easily accessible, measured by a shorter response latency, and to be weaker if it is less or not accessible, measured by a longer response latency. In recent decades, the development of modern techniques of computer assisted interviewing has made it possible to measure response latencies to attitude questions in the context of large scale survey studies (Bassili/Fletcher 1991, Bassili 1993, 1996b). In contrast to the laboratory context, the measurement of mental information processing in a relatively uncontrolled survey context is much more biased. For example, different interviewers may measure the reaction time with different accuracy (raw response latencies implicate the latency of the interviewer to press the appropriate key), or the respondent may be distracted by the presence of others or unforeseen events. Additional problems appear if the respondent fails to answer 'correctly' if he or she has difficulties to understand the question or to generate an answer and translate it into the given categories or scale (see next chapter).
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Web survey bibliography - Germany (361)
- The Video-Enhanced Web Survey Data Quality and Cognitive Processing of Questions; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in a Video-Enhanced Web Survey: Results from a Randomized Field Experiment...; 2009; Fuchs, M.
- Mobility, Flexibility and Identity - How the use of mobile questionnaires improves the data quality...; 2009; Hellwig, O., Wirth, T.
- Evaluating two different mobile survey approaches: personal mobile panel research and ad-hoc mobile...; 2009; Friedrich-Freksa, M., Metzger, G.
- Coverage- und Nonresponse-Effekte bei Online-Bevölkerungsumfragen ; 2009; Bandilla, W., Kaczmirek, L., Blohm, M., Neubarth, W.
- Using the World-Wide Web to obtain large-scale word norms: 190,212 ratings on a set of 2,654 German...; 2009; Lahl, O., Goeritz, A., Pietrowsky, R., Rosenberg, J.
- TitleInternet-basierte Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit: Theoretische Grundlagen und experimentelle Untersuchung...; 2008; Kaufmann, E., Reips, U.-D.
- Sozialforschung im Internet: Methodologie und Praxis der Online-Befragung; 2008; Jackob, N., Schoen, H., Zerback, T. (eds.)
- Does speed in completing an online questionnaire have an influence on its reliability?; 2008; Montag, C., Reuter, M.
- Response Effects in Video-enhanced Web Surveys; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Using Internet Pages of Organisations as Data Source for Social Science Research; 2008; Baumgarten, B., Grauel, J.
- Representativeness in Online-Surveys Through Stratified Sample; 2008; Blasius, J.
- Individual payments as a longer-term incentive in online panels ; 2008; Goeritz, A., Wolff, H.-G., Goldstein, D. G.
- Communicative Channels, Cognitive Processes and Question Understanding: Results from a Randomized Field...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- The effects of incentives in internet panels: a review; 2008; Goeritz, A.
- Phone respondents reported less mental health problems whereas mail interviewee gave higher physical...; 2008; Ravens-Sieberer, U., Erhart, M., Wetzel, R., Krügel, A., Brambosch, A.
- Mobile Market Research; 2008; Maxl, E.
- Online vs. Offline in Mobile Surveys; 2008; Neubarth, W., Maier, U.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in Video-Enhanced Web Surveys. Results from a Randomized Field-Experiment...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- Nicht-reaktive datenerhebung: Teinahmeverhalten bei befragungen mit paradaten evaluieren. [Non reactive...; 2007; Kaczmirek, L., Neubarth, W.
- Using Audio and Video Clips in Web Surveys — Feasibility and Impact on Data Quality; 2007; Fuchs, M., Funke, F.
- Sampling Bias: Face to face to Web; 2007; Bandilla, W., Blohm, M., Kaczmirek, L., Neubarth, W.
- First Experiences with Internet Surveying in the German Socio-Economic Panel; 2007; Wagner, G. G., Schupp, J., Schraepler, J.-P., Siegel, N.
- The anonymous elect. Market research through online access panels; 2006; Postoaca, A.
- Blocked versus randomized format of questionnaires. A confirmatory multigroup analysis; 2006; Sparfeldt, J. R., Schilling, S. R., Rost, D. H., Rost, D. H., Thiel, A.
- Physical or Virtual Presence of the Experimenter: Psychological Online-Experiments in Different Settings...; 2006; Ollesch, H., Heineken, E., Schulte, F. P.
- Cash Lotteries as Incentives in Online Panels; 2006; Goeritz, A.
- Putting a Questionnaire on the Web is not Enough # A Comparison of Online and Offline Surveys Conducted...; 2006; Faas, T., Schoen, H.
- Beyond response rates: Effects of different (Web-) survey implementation procedures on sample composition...; 2006; Bosnjak, M., Marcus, B., Schuetz, A., Lindner, S., Pilischenko, S.
- Controlling the Baseline Speed of Respondents: An Empirical Evaluation of Data Treatment Methods of...; 2005; Mayerl, J.
- Determinanten der Rücklaufquote in Online-Panels; 2005; Batanic, B., Moser, K.
- Standards in Online Surveys. Sources for Professional Codes of Conduct, Ethical Guidelines and Quality...; 2005; Kaczmirek, L., Schulze, N.
- Sampling procedure, questionnaire design, online implementation; 2005; Jackob, N., Arens, J., Zerback, T., Jowell, R., de Rouvray, C.
- When Methodology Interferes With Substance; 2005; Schoen, H., Faas, T.
- The Quality of Ego-Centered Network Data: A comparison of online versus offline data collection; 2005; Snijders, C., Matzat, U.
- Meta-Analyses on Contingent versus Unconditional Incentives; 2005; Goeritz, A.
- Using an access panel as a sampling frame for voluntary household surveys. Experiences from a pilot...; 2004; Korner, T., Nimmergut, A.
- Examining expert reviews as a pretest method; 2004; DeMaio, T., Landreth, A.
- Cooperation and Community on the Internet: Past Issues and Present Perspectives for theoretical-empirical...; 2004; Matzat, U.
- Response and Field Period Effects: The Effect of Time in Online Market Research and Consequences for...; 2004; Basso Larsen, R., Rathod, S.
- Online or Not Online? A Comparison of Offline and Online Surveys Conducted in the Context of 2002 German...; 2004; Faas, T.
- Changing from PAPI to CAPI: A Longitudinal Study Dealing with Mode-Effects in the German Socio-Economic...; 2004; Schraepler, J.-P., Schupp, J., Wagner, G. G
- Paper and pencil or online? Methodological Experiences from an employee survey; 2004; Poetschke, M.
- Survey Administration Effects? A Comparison of Web-Based and Traditional Written Self-Administered Surveys...; 2003; Bandilla, W., Bosnjak, M., Altdorfer, P.
- Bracketing effects in categorized survey questions and the measurement of economic quantities; 2002; Winter, J.
- WeXtor 2.5: Develop, manage, and visualize experimental designs and procedures; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Blumer, T., Neuhaus, C.
- Cognitive processes when answering online questionnaires; 2002; Fuchs, M.
- Online surveys with simple random samples for large populations; 2002; Kreuels, B.
- Sampling problems in research on personal Homepages; 2002; Marcus, B., Machilek, F., Schuetz, A., Kilian, C.
- Social desirable responding and age on the Internet: older participants in online studies show a higher...; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Stoeber, J., Hahn, A.